| âûáîðêà | îïèñàíèå |
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BACKBONE
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- (îñíîâà) áûñòðîäåéñòâóþùàÿ ñåòü, ñîåäèíÿþùàÿ íåñêîëüêî ìîùíûõ êîìïüþòåðîâ.  ÑØÀ îñíîâîé Internet ñ÷èòàþò NSFNet - ïðàâèòåëüñòâåííàÿ ñèñòåìà ñâÿçè ìåæäó ãðóïïîé êîìïüþòåðîâ, ðàçáðîñàííûõ ïî ñòðàíå....
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PICS. (PLATFORM FOR INTERNET CONTENT SELECTION)
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- ñèñòåìà îöåíîê (è ñòîÿùàÿ çà íåé òåõíîëîãèÿ), ïî êîòîðîé ìîæíî îãðàíè÷èòü äîñòóï ê ñåðâåðàì, óäåëÿþùèì âíèìàíèå ïîðíîãðàôèè, íàñèëèþ è ïðîñòî ðàçâëå÷åíèÿì, íåóìåñòíûì â ðàáî÷åå âðåìÿ...
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CATENET
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- ñåòü, â êîòîðîé õîñò-êîìïüþòåðû ïîäêëþ÷åíû ê ñåòÿì ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè, à ýòè ñåòè ñîåäèíåíû ìåæäó ñîáîé øëþçàìè (gateways) èëè ìàðøðóòèçàòîðàìè. Ïðèìåðîì òàêîé ñåòè ÿâëÿåòñÿ Internet....
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ARPANET
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- ñåòü ñ êîììóòàöèåé ïàêåòîâ, îðãàíèçîâàííàÿ â íà÷àëå 70-õ ãîäîâ. Ýòà ñåòü ÿâèëàñü ïðîîáðàçîì ñåãîäíÿøíåé ñåòè Internet. ARPANET áûëà ðàñôîðìèðîâàíà â èþíå 1990....
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DOTTED DECIMAL NOTATION
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- ñèíòàêñè÷åñêîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå 32-áèòîâûõ àäðåñîâ â âèäå ÷åòûðåõ 8-áèòîâûõ öåëûõ ÷èñåë, ðàçäåëåííûõ òî÷êàìè. Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ IP-àäðåñîâ â Internet (192.67.67.20)....
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ARPANET 9ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY NETWORK0
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- ñåòü Óïðàâëåíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ïðîãðàìì (cåòü ñ êîììóòàöèåé ïàêåòîâ, îðãàíèçîâàííàÿ â íà÷àëå 70-õ ãîäîâ; ÿâèëàñü ïðîîáðàçîì ñåãîäíÿøíåé ñåòè Internet, áûëà ðàñôîðìèðîâàíà â èþíå 1990)...
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SLIP (SERIAL LINE IP)
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- ïðîòîêîë Internet, èñïîëüçóåìûé äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè IP ïðè ñîåäèíåíèè äâóõ ñèñòåì ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûìè ëèíèÿìè (òåëåôîííûìè èëè RS-232). Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âìåñòî SLIP â îñíîâíîì èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïðîòîêîë PPP....
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PACKET INTERNET GROPER (PING)
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- Ïàêåòíûé "Îùóïûâàòåëü" Èíòåðíåò. Ïðîãðàììà, ïðîâåðÿþùàÿ äîñòèæèìîñòü àäðåñàòà ïîñûëêîé åìó ICMP ýõî-çàïðîñà è æäóùàÿ îòâåòà. Òåðìèí èñïîëüçóåòñÿ êàê ãëàãîë: "Ping-íåì õîñò X, ÷òîáû ïîñìîòðåòü - åñòü ëè îí!"....
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IP DATAGRAM
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- ôóíäàìåíòàëüíàÿ åäèíèöà èíôîðìàöèè, ïåðåäàâàåìîé ÷åðåç Internet. Ñîäåðæèò àäðåñà èñòî÷íèêà è ïîëó÷àòåëÿ íàðÿäó ñ äàííûìè è ïîëÿ, îïðåäåëÿþùèå äëèíó äåéòàãðàììû, êîíòðîëüíóþ ñóììó çàãîëîâêà è ôëàãè, ãîâîðÿùèå î ôðàãìåíòàöèè äåéòàãðàììû....
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BITNET
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- åùå îäíà ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîìïüþòåðíàÿ ñåòü àêàäåìè÷åñêîé îðèåíòàöèè, êîòîðàÿ èñïîëüçóåò äðóãîé íàáîð ìàøèííûõ êîìàíä äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è äàííûõ. Ëåãêî äîñòóïíà ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì Internet ÷åðåç e- mail (ýëåêòðîííóþ ïî÷òó) è ïîääåðæèâàåò îãðîìíîå ÷èñëî òåëå...
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CONNECTIONLESS (ÁÅÇ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÑÎÅÄÈÍÅÍÈß)
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- ìîäåëü îáìåíà äàííûìè, â êîòîðîé íå òðåáóåòñÿ îðãàíèçîâûâàòü ïðÿìîå ñîåäèíåíèå äëÿ îáìåíà äàííûìè. Èíîãäà (íåòî÷íî) íàçûâàåòñÿ äýéòàãðàììîé. Ïðèìåðû: ËÂÑ, Internet IP, OSI CLNP, UDP, îáû÷íàÿ ïî÷òà....
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DAEMON
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- ýòî ðåçèäåíòíàÿ ïðîãðàììà ñèñòåìû Unix.  ñåòè Internet Âû ìîæåòå ñ íåé ñòîëêíóòñÿ íàïðèìåð òàê: Âàøå ïèñüìî íå äîñòàâëåíî ïîëó÷àòåëþ è Âû ïîëó÷èòå îáðàòíî ñâîå ïèñüìî ñ íåïîíÿòíûì ïîñëàíèåì îò "mailer daemon"....
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POP3 (POST-OFFICE PROTOCOL)
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- "Ïî÷òîâûé ïðîòîêîë". Ïðîòîêîë Internet, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî ìîæíî îòïðàâëÿòü è çàáèðàòü ýëåêòðîííóþ ïî÷òó. Îäíàêî ïîâñåìåñòíî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òîëüêî ïîñëåäíÿÿ èç åãî íàçâàííûõ ôóíêöèé - ïîëó÷åíèå ïî÷òû ñ Unix-ìàøèíû....
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HTTP (HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL)
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- ïðîòîêîë òðàíñïîðòèðîâàíèÿ ãèïåðòåêñòà. Ñòàíäàðòíûé ïðîòîêîë Internet, ïîçâîëÿþùèé ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü èíôîðìàöèþ ïî Web. Äàåò ïðîãðàììèñòàì âîçìîæíîñòü âêëþ÷àòü ãèïåðñâÿçè (èñïîëüçóÿ ÿçûê ðàçìåòêè ãèïåðòåêñòà HTML...
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HTTP. HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL
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- ïðîòîêîë òðàíñïîðòèðîâàíèÿ ãèïåðòåêñòà. Ñòàíäàðòíûé ïðîòîêîë Internet, ïîçâîëÿþùèé ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü èíôîðìàöèþ ïî Web. Äàåò ïðîãðàììèñòàì âîçìîæíîñòü âêëþ÷àòü ãèïåðñâÿçè (èñïîëüçóÿ ÿçûê ðàçìåòêè ãèïåðòåêñòà HTML) â äîêóìåíòû...
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