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     âûáîðêà îïèñàíèå
    ENCAPSULATION (ÈÍÊÀÏÑÓËßÖÈß) 
    • ìåòîä, èñïîëüçóåìûé ìíîãîóðîâíåâûìè ïðîòîêîëàìè, â êîòîðûõ óðîâíè äîáàâëÿþò çàãîëîâêè â ìîäóëü äàííûõ ïðîòîêîëà (protocol data unit - PDU) èç âûøåëåæàùåãî.  òåðìèíàõ Internet - ïàêåò ñîäåðæèò çàãîëîâîê ôèçè÷åñêîãî óðîâíÿ, çà êîòîðûì ñëåäóåò çàãîëîâîê ñåò...


    CONNECTION-ORIENTED (ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÑÎÅÄÈÍÅÍÈÉ) 
    • ìîäåëü îáìåíà äàííûìè, â êîòîðîé îáìåí äåëèòñÿ íà òðè ÷åòêî âûðàæåííûå ôàçû: îðãàíèçàöèÿ ñîåäèíåíèÿ, ïåðåäà÷à äàííûõ è ðàçðûâ ñîåäèíåíèÿ. Ïðèìåðàìè òàêèõ ñèñòåì ÿâëÿþòñÿ X.25, Internet TCP, OSI TP4, îáû÷íàÿ òåëåôîííàÿ ñâÿçü....


    BIND (BERKELEY INTERNET NAME DOMAIN) 
    • ïðîãðàììà äëÿ ïîääåðæêè ñåðâåðà èìåí äîìåíîâ, ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî íàïèñàííàÿ äëÿ UNIX 4.3BSD.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïîïóëÿðíîé ðåàëèçàöèåé DNS è ïåðåíåñåíà ïðàêòè÷åñêè íà âñå ïëàòôîðìû. BIND çàäàåò ñòðóêòóðó áàç äàííûõ, ôóíêöèè DNS è êîíôèãóðàöèîí...


    PING (PACKET INTERNET GROPER) 
    • ïðîãðàììà, èñïîëüçóåìàÿ äëÿ ïðîâåðêè äîñòóïíîñòè àäðåñàòà ïóòåì ïåðåäà÷è åìó ñïåöèàëüíîãî ñèãíàëà (ICMP echo request - çàïðîñ îòêëèêà ICMP) è îæèäàíèÿ îòâåòà. Òåðìèí èñïîëüçóåòñÿ êàê ãëàãîë: "Ping host X to see if it is up!"...


    FTP ÈËÈ FILE-TRANSFER PROTOCOL (ÏÐÎÒÎÊÎË ÏÅÐÅÄÀ×È ÔÀÉËÎÂ) 
    • ñèñòåìà äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è ôàéëîâ ïî Ñåòè. Ïðîòîêîë ñåìåéñòâà TCP/IP, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé âîçìîæíîñòü íàéòè, ïîëó÷èòü è ïåðåñëàòü íóæíûå Âàì ôàéëû ÷åðåç Internet ñ îäíîãî êîìïüþòåðà íà äðóãîé...


    WHOIS 
    • ïðîãðàììà Internet, êîòîðàÿ ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ñäåëàòü çàïðîñ ê áàçå äàííûõ, ñîäåðæàùåé ñâåäåíèÿ î ëþäÿõ è äðóãèõ îáúåêòàõ Èíòåðíåò, òèïà îáëàñòåé, ñåòåé è õîñòîâ. Ïåðâè÷íàÿ áàçà äàííûõ õðàíèòñÿ â InterNIC. Õðàíèìàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ âêëþ÷àåò íàçâàíèå êîìïà...


    CRACKER (ÊÐÅÊÅÐ) 
    • Íàçâàíèå õàêåðà, ïðèíÿòîå â Internet.  îòëè÷èå îò ñëîâà "õàêåð", êîòîðîå â Ñåòè íå ñ÷èòàåòñÿ áðàííûì ñëîâîì, èìåííî êðåêåð - "íåõîðîøèé ÷åëîâåê". Çàìåòèì â ñêîáêàõ, ÷òî ýòîò òåðìèí - ìíîãîçíà÷íûé: êðåêåðàìè êðîìå òîãî íàçûâàþò ñ õðóñòîì ëîìàþùååñÿ ñóõîå...


    CRACKER 
    • êðåêåð - íàçâàíèå õàêåðà, ïðèíÿòîå â Internet.  îòëè÷èè îò ñëîâà "õàêåðà", êîòîðûé â Ñåòè íå ñ÷èòàåòñÿ áðàííûì ñëîâîì, èìåííî êðåêåð - "íåõîðîøèé ÷åëîâåê". Çàìåòèì â ñêîáêàõ, ÷òî ýòîò òåðìèí - ìíîãîçíà÷íûé: êðåêåðàìè êðîìå òîãî íàçûâàþò ñ õðóñò...


    INTERNET ASSISTANT FOR WORD 
    • áåñïëàòíûé ïðîäóêò, êîòîðûé ïîìîãàåò ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ðåäàêòîðà Word ñîçäàâàòü è ðåäàêòèðîâàòü äîêóìåíòû â ôîðìàòå HTML(ñì.). Îí ïîçâîëÿåò êîíâåðòèðîâàòü ôàéëû MS Word â ôîðìàò HTML, à òàêæå îáåñïå÷èâàåò èíòåðôåéñ äëÿ âêëþ÷åíèÿ ãèïåðñâÿçåé (ñì.), èçîáðàæ...


    VRML (VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE) 
    • ðàñøèôðîâûâàåòñÿ êàê "ÿçûê îïèñàíèÿ âèðòóàëüíîé ðåàëüíîñòè". Ýòî ÿçûê îïèñàíèÿ òðåõìåðíûõ ñöåí è îáúåêòîâ, òðåõìåðíûé ãðàôè÷åñêèé àíàëîã ÿçûêà HTML (ñì.), êîòîðûé ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â ãèïåðòåêñòîâîé ñèñòåìå World-Wide Web ñåòè Internet, ïîçâîëÿåò ñ ïîìîùüþ ò...


    CLNP (CONNECTIONLESS NETWORK PROTOCOL) 
    • ïðîòîêîë OSI äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ OSI Connectionless Network Service (datagram service). CLNP ïðåäñòàâëÿåò â OSI ýêâèâàëåíò ïðîòîêîëà IP â Internet, åãî èíîãäà íàçûâàþò ISO IP....


    DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM ) 
    • äîìåííàÿ ñèñòåìà èìåí. Ðàñïðåäåëåííàÿ ñèñòåìà áàç äàííûõ äëÿ ïåðåâîäà êîìïüþòåðíûõ èìåí (òèïà club33.opa.bolizm) â ÷èñëîâûå àäðåñà Internet (òèïà 33.33.33.33). DNS ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ñåòüþ, íå çàáèâàÿ ãîëîâó äëèííûìè öåïî÷êàìè ÷èñåë. Ñåòåâîé òðàôèê, ä...


    IONL (INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NETWORK LAYER) 
    • ñòàíäàðò OSI äëÿ äåòàëüíîé àðõèòåêòóðû ñåòåâîãî óðîâíÿ.  îáùåì ñëó÷àå ýòî ÷àñòü ñåòåâîãî óðîâíÿ ïîäñåòåé, ñîåäèíåííûõ ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðîòîêîëîâ êîíâåðãåíöèè (convergence protocols) ýêâèâàëåíòà ìåæñåòåâûõ ïðîòîêîëîâ, ñîçäàâàåìûõ â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà Internet â...


    GATEWAY (ØËÞÇ) 
    • îðèãèíàëüíûé òåðìèí Internet ñåé÷àñ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ òàêèõ óñòðîéñòâ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òåðìèí ìàðøðóòèçàòîð (router) èëè áîëåå òî÷íî ìàðøðóòèçàòîð IP.  ñîâðåìåííîì âàðèàíòå òåðìèíû "gateway" è "application gateway" èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñèñòåì, âûïîëíÿþ...


    EXTERNAL VIEWER 
    • âíåøíÿÿ ïðîãðàììà ïðîñìîòðà. Netscape èëè Internet Explorer íå èìåþò âíóòðåííèõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ ïðîñìîòðà íåêîòîðûõ òèïîâ ôàéëîâ. Íàïðèìåð .ps - ôàéë â ôîðìàòå postscript. Òàêîé ôàéë ïåðåäà¸òñÿ ïðîãðàììå ïðîñìîòðà postscript ôàéëîâ, êîòîðàÿ óæå è ïîêàçûâàåò ô...


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